Evidence in Earth Science

RESEARCH ARTICLE DOI: 10.63221/xxxxxxxx Highlights: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Keywords: Hydrology GRACE Machine learning River basins Climate Change Correspondence to: abc@abc.ac.in Citation: Author et al., 2025. ML/AI Driven Approaches to Enhance the Predictability of Global Water Resources Use and Availability. Evidence in Earth Science, Volume, Page. Received date Revised date Accepted date Published date Academic Editor: Firstname Lastname Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

ML/AI Driven Approaches to Enhance the Predictability of Global Water Resources Use and Availability

Firstname Lastname 1, Firstname Lastname 2 and Firstname Lastname 3,*

1 Affiliation 1

2 Affiliation 2

3 Affiliation 3

Abstract The abstract is a concise summary of the research, providing readers with a quick overview of the study’s purpose, methodology, results, and significance. It is typically the first section readers encounter, serving as a key determinant of their interest in the paper. The abstract should be written in a single paragraph, usually ranging between 150–250 words (max). In this section, the focus should be on presenting the research clearly and succinctly. Begin with a brief statement of the problem or research question, emphasizing its relevance and importance. Follow this by outlining the methods or approaches used, providing just enough detail to convey the scope of the study without overwhelming the reader. Next, summarize the main results or findings, highlighting key data points, trends, or insights. Conclude with the broader implications or applications of the work, connecting it to larger scientific, societal, or practical contexts. The abstract should be free of citations, detailed explanations, or jargon, as it is meant to be accessible to a wide audience, including those outside the specific field of study. Writing in the past tense is standard when describing completed research. Keywords or phrases that capture the essence of the study are often included at the end of the abstract to improve discoverability in databases and search engines. By adhering to these principles, the abstract effectively communicates the value and novelty of the research in a compact format.

Introduction

The manuscript must include the following essential sections to ensure clarity and comprehensiveness: the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, and sets the context for the study; the Materials and Methods, which details the experimental design, materials, and procedures used, allowing for replication of the study; the Results and Discussion, where the findings are presented and interpreted in relation to existing literature, highlighting their significance; and the Conclusion, which summarizes the key findings and their implications, and may suggest directions for future research. Each section plays a crucial role in presenting the research in a structured and logical manner.

The manuscript must include the following essential sections to ensure clarity and comprehensiveness: the Introduction, which provides background information, outlines the research problem, and sets the context for the study; the Materials and Methods, which details the experimental design, materials, and procedures used,

Materials and Methods

The manuscript should follow a clear and consistent numbering system for sections and subsections to enhance readability. The main sections are numbered sequentially using whole numbers (e.g., 1., 2., 3.), while subsections within each section are numbered with decimal points (e.g., 1.1., 1.2., 2.1.). For further organization, subsections may extend to a third level, marked with an additional decimal (e.g., 1.1.1., 2.1.1.). If necessary, a fourth level of subsections can be introduced as - Subsection Title). This hierarchical structure ensures a well-organized flow of information and helps guide the reader through the manuscript.

Tables and Figures

Tables and Figures must be cited in the text as Figure 1 and Table 1.

Fig. 1 Here is the description of the first graph

If multiple figures are included in the manuscript, they should be labeled alphabetically (e.g., Figure 1a, Figure 1b, Figure 1c, etc.). Each figure should be accompanied by a descriptive caption that clearly explains its content and relevance to the text.

(a)	(b)

Fig. 2 Here is the description of the second graph. (a) here is the description of the first image and (b) here is the description of the second image.

Table 1. Here is the description of the first table

Title 1	Title 2	Title 3	Title 4	Title 5
Item 1
Item 2
Item 3
Item 4
Item 5
* Further description of the items in the table should be provided here inside the body of the table

Equations should be cited within the text and presented in a clear and organized manner, following a structured format. To ensure consistency and readability, equations should be provided using a table format, where each equation is numbered sequentially for easy reference. The equations should be centered within the table, with appropriate alignment and spacing for clarity. The numbering should appear in parentheses at the right margin of the equation for easy citation throughout the text. For example:

(1)

Results and Discussion

The Results and Discussion section presents the findings of the study and interprets them in the context of existing literature and research questions. It should clearly highlight the main outcomes, explore their implications, and discuss any potential limitations or avenues for future research.

Conclusion

The Conclusion section summarizes the key findings of the study, highlighting their significance and broader implications. It should briefly restate the main results, address the study's objectives, and suggest potential directions for future research or practical applications.

Author Contribution

Author contributions should adhere to the CreDit (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) standard, which provides a clear and transparent framework for defining the specific roles and responsibilities of each author in a research project. For a detailed explanation of the terminology and the appropriate categorization of each contribution, authors are encouraged to visit the official CreDit website at https://credit.niso.org/.

Acknowledgements

The acknowledgment section of a research paper is an important part of the publication process, as it provides an opportunity to recognize individuals, organizations, and institutions that contributed to the project. In this section, it is essential to include all funding sources that supported the research. This ensures transparency and allows readers to understand the financial backing behind the study. Authors should clearly identify each funding body and provide specific grant numbers or project titles where applicable. Proper acknowledgment of funding sources also ensures compliance with funding agency requirements and promotes the integrity of the research process.

Conflict of Interests

If not applicable, state: “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.”

Data Availability

The data supporting the findings of this study are available upon request from the corresponding author or can be accessed through [provide repository name or link, if applicable].

References

Citation Guide for Evidence in Earth Science

This document outlines the citation format for authors submitting to Evidence in Earth Science. The references must be typed using Times New Roman 10 regular.

General Formatting Rules

Cite references in the text using the author-date format for example: (Smith, 2023) or (Smith and Jones, 2023). For three or more authors: (Smith et al., 2023).

Use the Times New Roman size 12 for the references and a hanging indent for each entry. Arrange references alphabetically by the last name of the first author. Include a DOI or stable URL whenever possible for online sources.

Examples of Citations

1. Journal Articles

Smith, J., 2023, Title of the article: Journal Name, v. 45, no. 3, p. 123–145, https://doi.org/10.xxxx.

2. Books

Brown, T., 2019, Title of the book: Publisher, 350 p.

3. Edited Books or Chapters

Johnson, M., 2021, Title of the chapter: in Doe, J., ed., Title of the book: Publisher, p. 45–72.

4. Conference Proceedings

Taylor, R., and Green, P., 2020, Title of the paper: in Proceedings of the International Geoscience Conference, City, p. 123–130.

5. Maps

National Geological Survey, 2018, Geologic Map of the Region: Scale 1:50,000, Sheet 4.

6. Datasets

In-text citation: (NOAA, 2022)

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), 2022, Title of the dataset: Accessed January 1, 2023, at https://data.noaa.gov.

7. Websites

In-text citation: (Website, 2023)

Website, 2023, Title of the webpage: Accessed January 15, 2025, at https://www.nasa.gov/page.

Special Cases

Multiple Works by the Same Author

Order references chronologically, starting with the earliest.

Add letters to the year if more than one work was published in the same year.

Example:

Smith, J., 2023a

Smith, J., 2023b

Unpublished or In-Press Work

In-text citation: (Doe, in press)

Reference List Format:

Doe, J., in press, Title of the article: Journal Name.

Personal Communications

Include in-text but not in the reference list.

Example: (Doe, personal communication, 2024).

Appendix I

The appendix does not require any special formatting but should be presented clearly and logically to ensure ease of understanding for the reader. It must be referenced appropriately in the main text, guiding readers to consult the appendix for additional details or supplementary information. Any abbreviations, terms, or data sets that are too detailed or extensive for the main body of the text can be included in the appendix, and an abbreviation list can be added for clarity.